Platinum is silver white and streak, hardness 4-4.5, relative density 21.45, chemically stable, insoluble in common acids for its identification characteristics, easy to identify with similar metals.
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Platinum has a higher hardness and is less susceptible to deformation than metal lead and aluminum. The latter two are inelastic and cannot be restored after deformation; and the relative density is much smaller than that of platinum, with lead being 11.36 and aluminum being 2.7, which is about 1/2 and 1/8 of platinum, respectively. Resolve.
Platinum and silver are distinguished by their relative density, hardness, and chemical stability. Although the silver is silvery white, the relative density is 10.53, which is only 1/2 of platinum; and the hardness is low and inelastic, so the light stroke with the nail can leave traces, and the foil sheet can be easily folded and easily recovered by hand; The chemical properties of silver on the surface are unstable, and it will dissolve in the presence of nitric acid and release nitrogen dioxide gas. Platinum is insoluble in nitric acid, and it dissolves quickly in heated aqua regia. At room temperature, its dissolution rate is extremely slow, which is generally difficult for the naked eye to detect.
Platinum is a good catalyst and this feature allows rapid identification of platinum. Commonly used hydrogen peroxide reaction method, the specific method is: take a small amount of the sample to be tested, placed in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plastic bottle, if it is platinum, the hydrogen peroxide immediately tumbling and foaming, decompose a large amount of oxygen, the platinum after the reaction is still intact First, it can be recycled (it only accelerates decomposition); if other white metals, such as silver, lead, aluminum, etc., there is no such reaction.
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