Nowadays, many pens and lanterns have been handed down in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Although the shape has not changed much, the material is quite rich. There are bamboo, porcelain, wood, copper, ivory, jade, crystal, end stone, lacquer, etc. From the point of view of the decoration method, there are engraving, enamel, carving, painting, etc., taking the porcelain pen holder as an example, there are blue and white, multicolored, pastel, tricolor, color glaze and so on. The pen holder is one of the varieties with the smallest change in the style of the stationery and the most abundant decoration method. The porcelain pen holders of the Qing Dynasty (Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong) were always the targets pursued by the collectors because of their small stocks. However, the porcelain pens produced during the late Qing and the Republic of China were still very large. From the age point of view, Kangxi pen holder is a rare possession of collectors. In the market, a large number of porcelain pen holders with Kangxi models and painting styles are mostly copied from Tongzhi and Guangxu in the late Qing Dynasty. The difference between the two is identified. It needs glaze, modeling and brushwork. Careful study.
The pen holder is one of the stationery items. It is a tube-shaped pen holder. Most of them are straight mouth and straight wall. The mouth and bottom are similar. The shape is relatively simple and there are few big changes. The literature on the pen holder was first seen in the Three Kingdoms period. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, due to the unstable political power, the literati disliked politics, escaped from reality, and prospered the wind and the pursuit of the beauty of life. The pen holder is the most decorative representative of the desk stationery and is highly sought after. Scholars are proud of their beauty. The literati made their own craftsmanship, and the craftsmen were extremely skilled. Many exquisite pen holders make today's people stunned.
Famous woods are pen holders
Wooden pen holders are also common in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are rosewood, huanghuali, boxwood, etc. The techniques and bamboo carvings are similar. Generally speaking, the Ming Dynasty wooden pen holder is simple and honest, and the knife method is smooth and smooth; while the Qing Dynasty wooden pen holder is exquisite and clean, the knife method is delicate, and the artistic concept is deep and quiet.
In addition to understanding the material, the identification of the wooden pen holder should also be familiar with the carving knife method. Nowadays, there is a misconception in the society that the wooden utensils, as long as they are hardwoods, are good things. Actually, the wooden pen holders should be comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of craftsmanship and age, and the high-grade materials are only among them. One aspect.
The rosewood is brownish-purple, like a rhinoceros character. With the wine, the purple will come down and stick to the bowl. The ancient Chinese understanding and use of red sandalwood is said to have begun in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In the "Ancient and Modern Notes" of the Jin Dynasty, Cui Bao said: "Purple wood, out of Funan, color purple, also known as red sandalwood." The red sandalwood tree grows slowly, about a few hundred years to grow into a material, so the red sandalwood tree is often empty inside. , commonly known as "Ten Tan Nine." The tree has no big trees and is extremely rare. Therefore, the red sandalwood has the saying of "the gold in the wood". For the hollow rosewood material, the Chinese not only did not abandon it, but instead, through the clever design of the literati and the skillful craftsmanship of the craftsman, they made a pen holder with a literary taste.
The production of rosewood pen holders can be roughly divided into two types: one is based on hollow material and rounded; the other is made up of six pieces of rosewood. From the technical point of view, the rosewood pen holder is divided into two categories: photochrome and engraver. The photon pen holder highlights the luster and texture of the wood. It is quaint and generous. The engraved rosewood pen holder rarely uses the more complicated carving process, but uses its own color, texture or brown eyes to express it. More generous and stable, simple and elegant.
Huanghua pear was highly praised by the literati in the Ming Dynasty and was produced in the Nanyang Islands. Common hibiscus on the yellow pear, beautiful as a raccoon spot, commonly known as "grimace." The yellow pears are orange-yellow, some reddish purple, have aroma, the texture is clear, the wood is extremely stable, not easy to deform, and the weight is light. Because the texture of Huanghua Pear is elegant and gorgeous, the Ming Dynasty literati and artisans used the whole body to clean the design and make the pen holder to highlight the natural beauty and book volume of the wood texture.
In addition, it is widely spread in the folk boxwood carving pen holders, and the palace atmosphere with the dragon and the phoenix as the main pattern is changed. The subject matter is taken from the life of the ordinary working people, or the landscape characters, or the engraved flowers, or the game, or engraved Listen to the piano, or engrave the fisherman's ploughing, conceived novelty and small size.
Pen holder style
Bamboo is a favorite of literati. The so-called "Ning will eat no meat, can not live without bamboo" is also. Bamboo is a symbol of the Qijie, and the literati Ya Shidu uses the bamboo pen holder as a clear offering. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the bamboo carving techniques in Suzhou, Jiading, Jinling, Yangzhou and Guangdong were very popular. The bamboo carvings were famous. They reproduced the landscapes, figures, flowers, birds, pavilions and other structures in Chinese paintings on the pen holder. At that time, the literati's reclusive thoughts and temperament made the bamboo carvings transform from practical to practical and appreciation, and gradually became the collector's favorite.
The Jiading bamboo carvings we often mentioned today are the founders of Zhuhe in the Ming Dynasty. This genre has appeared in many famous bamboo carving masters in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Zhu Xiaosong, Zhu Sansong, Feng Xilu, Zhou Xiyan, Zhang Xihuang, etc. Wait. It is worth mentioning that Zhu He, Zhu Xiaosong and Zhu Sansong are the three generations of the grandparents and grandsons. The world is collectively known as the "Zhu's Three Masters". The pen holders are made of round carvings, openwork carvings and high relief carvings. The method is deep and rigorous. The theme pattern is more like a character story. One of the earliest pen holders seen so far is the Zhusong-style pine crane bamboo pen holder of the Nanjing Museum.
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