sculpture
One of the plastic arts. It is the general name for carving and portraying. Produce a variety of images with real volume by plastic (such as clay, sludge, etc.) or engravable materials (such as metal, wood, stone, etc.). Because it occupies three degrees (length, width, height), it is also known as "space art." There are also known as "visual art" or "tactile art." Generally divided into round carvings and reliefs. It can also be divided into outdoor sculptures and indoor sculptures. Because the data can be stored for a long time, and can be used for decoration and beautification, construction, utensils, etc., it is often permanent and commemorative. In the Neolithic Age of China, there were many sculptures with realistic and decorative styles. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the jade carvings and the realistic and beautiful jade carvings and the stern and mysterious bronze embossings are presented, which constitute a decorative style based on several patterns. The sculptures and styles of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States are diverse and unified in the fierce dynamics and decorative distortions. The Qin Dynasty sculptures used the realistic style of static and dynamic, and replaced the sense of fighting and decorative style in the era of war. The Han Dynasty sculpture reflects the depth of social reality with in-depth content and obvious dynamics. To the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the sculptures, styles and categories of stone kiln and temples tend to be complicated. The sculptures of the Tang Dynasty are full of beauty, grandeur and long-lasting. The sculptures of the Song Dynasty are good at embodying real life and innovation in sculpture techniques. The sculptures of the Qing Dynasty were flamboyant and cumbersome. The sculpture art is easy to understand, can break the constraints of words, words, countries and nationalities, and vividly record social life such as science, culture, economy, politics, military, customs, etc. It has considerable artistic value and pre-historical value. It is a discussion. Precious materials of human history.
Molding sculpture terminology. A kind of sculpture work. Generally speaking, after the basic drill for the sculpture of a person (or thing) is completed (or during the drill), the depiction is made only by the memory and not by the target. It is one of the courses that are fundamentally practiced. It can stabilize the image and enhance the understanding of the natural laws of the characters.
Speed ​​sculpture terminology. A kind of sculpture work. It generally refers to a small sculpture that depicts the shape of the target movement and the charm in a short time, with a brief approach, plastic or plasticity data. It is an independent course and a quick way to collect stereo image data. Ability to develop keen observation, image resilience, and agile ability to portray goals.
stone carving
Also known as "stone carving." One of the art of carving. For the five major sculpture traditions of China (pottery, wood, stone, copper, mud), the sculptures are classified according to the data. Ancient large-scale grottoes, cliffs, tombs and carvings were built. Most of them were carved with stone, and many caves are still preserved. The stone whales of the Qin Dynasty are huge stone carvings, and the jade carvings are mostly small. The top information is marble (white marble is one of them), bluestone, granite, sandstone and so on. Since the original materials of stone are natural and can be preserved for a long time, stone carving has become the main art variety of large-scale commemorative and decorative carvings. Traditional stone carvings are made of axe, hammer, chisel, etc. In modern times, glycerin, gunpowder and simple machinery were used instead. Due to the variety of stone carvings, the color and color of the roads are colorful and integrated with the sky and the landscape. The texture and the scene are coordinated, such as the Leshan Giant Buddha, which gives people a sublime and beautiful enjoyment.
Wood carving
One of the art of carving. For the five major sculpture traditions of China (pottery, wood, stone, copper, mud), the sculptures are classified according to the data. Commonly used are nanmu, eucalyptus, cedar, boxwood, longan, mahogany, pear, poplar, mulberry root and other fruit trees; general composition is based on the width of the surrounding circle, to sculpt characters, landscapes, flowers, manes, stairs Indoor small subjects such as pavilions and animal waterfowl are mainly used. Investigate the knife method and style, and use the natural characteristics of the wood to find the embody of the data connotation, in the surface of the color, texture, structure and other wonderful changes in the shape of the situation, according to the material, the shape of the material, axe, There is a common interest in art. China has a long tradition of wood carving, such as the wood carvings of the Chu Tombs and the legends of Lu Ban's wood carvings. The decoration of various parts of the ancient structure of the wooden structure, many of which use wood carving cooperation, is the primary component of the construction. The wood carvings in the room are also large, mainly used as religious idols. The giant Guanyin Buddha of the Lama Temple and the giant Guanyin made by Chengde's sticky pieces are all wood carvings.
Bone carving
Also known as "bone engraving", carving art. One of the carved varieties classified by data. Refers to the markings or objects carved on animal bones or bone products. Due to the fine and firm bones, it is suitable for the finer images. The human ancestors used the rude bone carvings to create the sculpture art of our country. The bone needle unearthed from the site of the cave at Zhoukoudian in the late Paleolithic period from 60 to 10,000 years ago is one of the oldest carvings in China. Starting in the primitive society, it is an art between painting and carving. In the Neolithic Age, there were many small-scale carvings of various forms, and the bone carvings had a long-term development. There were various forms of decorative items such as negative lines, thin reliefs, and round carvings.
Bone carving tube Neolithic bone carving crafts. Unearthed in Dawenkou, Tai'an, Shandong Province in 1959. These bone carving vessels use the animal's limb bone cavity to form a material, or round or triangular, 6-8 cm high. The wall has various forms of decorative processing, or scraping or carving (such as chord strips, slanted grooves, etc.), and some perforations are inlaid with turquoise.
shell carving
Crafted with colored shells or inlaid. As early as before and after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the folks in China were prevalent in such processes as spiral inlays and beetles. Variety: various characters, animals, flowers, hanging screens and other furnishings; all kinds of stationery, smoking, table lamps and other daily necessities. The color is beautiful, the shape is strange, and the appearance is natural. The main producing areas are Liaoning Dalian, Shandong Qingdao, Guangxi Beihai, Guangdong Lufeng and other places.
Brick carving
A folk carving crafts. It refers to the use of chisels and wooden hammers to drill a variety of characters, flowers and other simple pictures on the bricks, as an ornament to build a certain part. The varieties are embossed, multi-layered, piled bricks, etc. It is more famous in Beijing, Anhui, Zhejiang, Shanxi, Jiangsu and other places. The style is slender and slender in the south, and the north is thicker.
Clay sculpture
Also known as "color plastic". A traditional sculpture craft. It is made by mixing a little cotton fiber into the clay, kneading it, and kneading it into a mud of various characters. After drying it, it is first applied to the foundation and then painted. The most famous paintings such as the Bodhisattva of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and the palace ladies of Taiyuan Jinci, the "Huishan clay figurine" of Wuxi and the "Clay figurine Zhang" of Tianjin have their own styles.
Painted pottery planning
China's primitive society Neolithic pottery craft first reminded the creation of arts and crafts planning. The primary content is: the indivisibility of painted pottery planning and social production and social life, the dialectical unity of adaptability and aesthetics of painted pottery planning, the sub-attribute and relative independence of painted pottery decoration.
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