The jade articles unearthed from the Zhongshan Kingdom of the Warring States have various colors of jade, crystal, agate and a variety of precious stones. Among them, there are Xinjiang Zizi, Liaoning Xiuyan jade, Henan Nanyang area, Dushan jade (also known as fake jade) and Hebei Xinjia area in the north of Zhangjiakou. There are also some beautiful stones, drawn from Taihang Mountain. There are also some jade wares that differ greatly from the jade quality produced in the above places, and it is difficult to determine where they are produced.
According to experts who hosted the archaeological excavation work of the Tomb of the King of Zhongshan, the area around Jingjing in Hebei Province, near the ancient city of Zhongshan in the Warring States, had a history of mining and selling jade materials in the early years. The jade unearthed from the tomb of King Zhongshan, except for a few fine products, is dark and dark, mostly black, gray, yellow, brown, etc. The texture is rough and loose, and most of the jade surface lacks smooth shiny glass luster. Of course, in the historical years of more than two thousand years, these jade articles have been burned by the tomb of the tomb and the corrosion of the groundwater, and the materials will change greatly. However, the jade materials with the characteristics of Zhongshan are still more obvious. Something special about them.
For example, the dragon plaque square plates unearthed from the No. 3 tomb, the color black ash, and the opaque texture of the stone are rare jade materials in other areas. Moreover, the accessories, the hardness, transparency and color of the materials unearthed in the No. 1 tomb, also have a certain gap with Hetian jade and Nanyang jade. This jade material should be a kind of beauty that the Zhongshan people in the Warring States exploited locally. The cheap jade material, the warrior Zhongshan people in the deep color of the jade, scribble the mysterious pattern picture, the jade that was born, has an unusual cultural atmosphere and a calm and simple artistic style.
Blessed with environmental factors
Zhongshan jade, called a wonderful flower in the warrior jade. More than a thousand pieces of jade articles can be said to be complete in variety, advanced in technology, beautiful in shape, diverse in form, exquisite in production and ingenious in design. It shows the skill of Zhongshan Jade Craftsmanship and the artistic style and inner charm of Zhuoer.
There are so many reasons for the sophistication of Zhongshan Jade. The indispensable raw material for jade jade is emery (also known as jade sand). The place where this material was produced in ancient China is mainly in the Xingtai area of ​​Hebei Province and today's Pingshan County, Lingshou County, etc., just in the border or territory of Zhongshan. Therefore, for the Zhongshan people, it is much easier to obtain diamonds than other regions.
The Zhongshan State is a minority vassal state built by the Baidi people. It is surrounded by countries with more developed cultures. According to the "Historical Records of the History", the Zhongshan State "thick people", "relying on the opportunity to eat and eating" - this special small country, commercial trade can only be based on the management of handicraft products, handicraft manufacturing is its important economy means. A large number of exquisite cultural relics unearthed from the Tomb of the King of Zhongshan proved that the Zhongshan people had a high level of handicraft technology. In the "Historical Records of the Biography", when Sima Qian talked about the trade and customs of the Warring States merchants, he once outlined the nation with the "multiple things, advocating excellence" of the Zhongshan State. This can be seen through these exquisite Zhongshan jade articles.
Through the carvings of artisans, Zhongshan Guyu is endowed with rich cultural connotations. It carries the beautiful pursuits and dreams of Zhongshan people, perfectly combines natural beauty and artistic creation, and brings unique aesthetic tastes and national customs into it, revealing the preferences and pursuits of Zhongshan people, making these jade treasures different. The ordinary charm and effect, thus, also laid their important position in the history of Chinese jade.
In the 1970s, a large number of precious cultural relics were unearthed from the Tomb of the King of Zhongshan in the Pingshan Warring States. Among them, there were more than a thousand pieces of jade. The variety of Zhongshan Guyu is beautiful in shape and fine in craftsmanship. With its superb and varied design and composition decoration, it marks the maturity of the Jade Carving Art of the Warring States and the cultural and artistic characteristics of the Central Plains countries.
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