Editor's Note: Mineral rock is named according to its chemical composition and internal structure. Since the geological history of mankind, the common summary of geological scientists all over the world has not been transferred by people's will. The national standards of "Jewelry and Jade Names" and "Jewelry and Jade Appraisal" formulated and promulgated by the Chinese government indicate that jewellery and jade are named according to their mineral composition. Some people in the Fushan Shoushan Stone Circle want to change this "law" and identify the origin of the Shoushan Stone according to the "feeling", which is almost impossible. We ask everyone to remember that the word "Shoushan" in the name "Shoushan Stone" is no longer a place name, but is the name of a clay mineral referred to as "Shoushan Stone", which is universally accepted and recognized by the whole world. Fuzhou people should cheer for this! The industry should be happy about this! Let Shoushan Stone Carving, the unique intangible cultural heritage of Fuzhou, go to the national and even the world market.
Original title: Hetian jade, which was misunderstood during the Olympics
China Broadcasting Network - Xinjiang Network
In the 2008 Olympics, we used Hetian jade to engrave the Olympic emblem. We used Hetian jade to make Olympic medals. The Chinese jade culture with more than 7,000 years of history is in harmony with the modern Olympics, highlighting the unique oriental civilization.
Regrettably, in the 2008 Olympics about Hetian jade's propaganda, there were many common-sense mistakes that led to misreading of Hetian jade.
1. The national standard does not have "Kunlun jade"
In the catalogue of GB/T16553-2003 "Jewelry and Jade Name" promulgated by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, natural jade contains jade species such as Hetian jade and Lantian jade, but there is no Kunlun jade. In the natural jade naming rules, the basic name of natural jade with place names does not have a place of origin.
At present, the national standard stipulates that the name Hetian jade has nothing to do with the place of origin. From the gemological point of view, when its quality meets the general general requirements recognized by Hetian jade identification classification, Qinghai nephrite does not have to be allowed to be separately classified and can be included in the category of Hetian jade. It can also be called nephrite, tremolite or by color classification.
In this regard, the famous Hetian jade appraiser, Xinjiang Baoyu Stone Testing Center, Director Yue Yunhui made a further elaboration in the article "Discussion on the name and origin of Hetian jade": According to GB/T-16552 "Jewelry, Jade, Name" related to the origin The rules of not participating in the nameing process do not distinguish the place of origin when there is a large uncertainty in the place of production when the specific jade product is identified. Because China's traditional jewellery industry is accustomed to use the place of origin to name some jewellery and jade varieties, such as Hetian jade has been widely accepted since ancient times, and has evolved into the name of natural jade. Therefore, the new national standards in 2003 stipulate that these are evolved from the origin. The name of the jade variety no longer has the meaning of origin (original). This rule also complies with the international rules and practices of gemstone identification and trade. At present, the more authoritative gemstone identification and testing institutions in China strictly abide by this rule.
This conclusion has been widely recognized by the industry. Whether it is a jade operator or a craftsman engaged in the jade carving industry, everyone agrees that the name Hetian jade does not specifically refer to the jade produced locally in Hetian, Yecheng and Tashkurgan in Kashgar. The jade of the real estates of Ruoqiang and Qiemo in Bazhou belong to Hetian jade.
“And the county had once called the local jade and the end jade, trying to launch the brand of the end jade, but it was not recognized by the market. Later it was renamed Hetian jade. Now, the end of the world’s In Hotan, Hetian Meiyu is at the end of the slogan, and the end is already the famous Hetian jade origin.
2. "Unprecedented" carving knife
In the feature film released by the Olympic emblem, we saw an old man holding a carving knife. In an instant, the jade splashed, and the "Dancing Beijing" 08 Olympic emblem appeared on the designer's carefully selected Hetian Qingbaiyu. .
In fact, the hardness of Hetian jade is above 6 degrees Mohs, and the carving knife is hard to shake. The director who filmed this promo is certainly not familiar with the history of Chinese jade in 7000 years. With a little research, you will find that the carving knife has never been used to make jade. From the point of view of the physical work, the use of rotating metal tow and emery to make jade articles has already existed in Yin Shang. How was the jade in China made for thousands of years?
There is an old saying in ancient times: "The stone of his mountain can be used to attack jade." The stone of his mountain is the sandstone of other places where the hardness is higher than that of jade. The craftsmen put a variety of high-precision gemstones, such as garnet, ruby, diamonds, etc., in a shovel, using a long-handled stone hammer to smash it, smashing the gems into sandstones of uniform size, and using sand filters for sandstones. Divided into a variety of specifications, in order to prepare for different needs, and then some people make the sandstone paste, this is the solution of jade sand. The solution of jade sand itself will not move. It must be driven by auxiliary tools to grind jade. These auxiliary tools are saws, water benches, drills, etc.
Before the jade jade, the jade should be cut open. The tool used for jade jade is a saw. This saw is completely different from the saw used in woodworking. It has no teeth. It takes a long time for two people to sit and saw, you push me. Hang a pot on the top of the saw. The pot is filled with jade mortar water. There is a small hole at the bottom of the pot. The jade sand is collected from the small hole and dropped into the silver seam. The saw picks back the movement and pushes the solution. Yusha gradually saw a piece of jade. After the large piece of jade was cut open, it began to be polished according to the figure. The tool for honing jade was a water bench, also known as a rotary car. The water bench is similar to the current jade carving machine, but it is relatively simple. The height of the water bench is similar to that of the table. There is a basin in the middle. The pot contains the emery mud. There are two main columns on the top. There is one shaft. The shaft is made of wood or iron. It is a belt and the two feet rise and fall. Rotating the shaft back and forth, the tool required to make the jade is installed at one end of the shaft, and the specific work is quite easy, but it is generally called a tortoise.
The genus can be divided into two categories, one is the Vedas, one is composed of a slender iron bar and a round piece of iron. The various iron rings of the Vedas are different in thickness and thickness. The stick is fixed on the shaft with lacquer, and the mortar is used to make the rotating circular iron piece to remove the useless jade. The Vedas are generally used for the cutting of small jade materials and the rough processing of jade pieces, and the size and shape of the jade pieces are extracted. The other type is the Grinding, which is also composed of a slender iron bar and a round wheel. The various types of grinds are also different in shape and shape, and they are oblong and slightly rounded. There is a half-moon round, etc., and the wider grinding machine uses a place where the jade of the large flat is uneven.
At present, the jade carving industry mostly uses diamond carving tools. According to the classification, there are mainly artificial diamond saw blades for cutting jade materials and various synthetic diamond grinding heads for grinding and carving. Other tools can be manufactured according to the needs of jade carving processing. Round hollow boring tools, etc.
The splash of jade flower is actually an impossible in theory. It is just a reverie of a big director who has never had a comer.
3. The typo that was blindly reprinted by many media
Qinghai News Network once wrote in a special report that the main component of Qinghai Kunlun jade is a fibrous microcrystalline composite composed of “transparent stone†and “yangshi stoneâ€. Has unparalleled use value. This report was reprinted by Sohu, Sina, and Netease. However, there is no such thing as "transparent mountain stone". It seems that this special issue has appeared in the special report of Qinghai News Network. There is a typo, "Twilight" and "Tongshan Stone" are the difference between the latter. People are confused by the fog. Since it is related to the Olympics, we choose Hetian jade to show our cultural heritage. Therefore, at the crucial moment, we cannot typo.
For more than 7,000 years, jade culture has been accompanied by Chinese civilization. Today, Hetian Yu is closely connected with the dream of the Olympic Games in the past 100 years. We believe that the splendid Chinese jade culture will surely shine again and recreate its glory.
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