In 1956, Qian Guangguang met with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai and other leaders of the party and state to meet with advanced workers in the textile industry. During the first five-year plan for the first five-year plan, Xu Guangying, director of the textile industry and local leaders in Shanghai, Qingdao, Tianjin Such as the old textile base energetically support the Soviet Union experts under the guidance of the guidance, the five cotton textile industry base to achieve a new rare and much faster and better. From capital construction investment: In 1953, a new cotton textile factory with 50,000 spindles and 1,584 looms was built with a total investment of 34 million to 37 million yuan. By 1956, a new 85,000 spindles and 3,700 looms Of the cotton textile mill, the total investment has dropped to over 3200 million. In terms of the average investment per cotton spindles at the five bases: 675.89 yuan in 1953, 564 yuan in 1954, 430.58 yuan in 1955 and 344.77 yuan in 1956. 1956 Compared with 1953, the investment for each cotton spindles has been reduced by 50%. Taking Zhengzhou base as an example, the construction cost of the first cotton mill in 1953 was 160 yuan per square meter. When building the 6th cotton mill in 1957, the cost per square meter factory was reduced to about 70 yuan. The first cotton mill in Zhengzhou in 1953, with a size of 50560 spindles and 1,584 looms, was started from breaking ground to put into operation. The total number of workers employed was 930,000 working days. The third cotton mill in Zhengzhou, newly built in 1954, 95,760 spindles, 2,436 looms, a total of only 920,000 working days. From the construction period: a single plant calculation, a new 50,000 to 80,000 cotton mill, from the groundbreaking to the end of the construction and installation, to a little more than a year, plus about 3 months of trial period, a total of About a year and a half. Based on a comprehensive calculation of a base, an average of one year can be built into a cotton mill due to the inter-and-intersealing construction method. Investment recovery period is relatively short. Most cotton mills will be able to offset the country's investment tax and profits a year and a half after they are officially put into production. These cotton textile factories have been constructed with quick, good, and cost-effective investment returns and have won praise from Mao Zedong. On February 17, 1956, Qian Guangzhi reported to Mao Zedong. When talking about the achievements and experience in capital construction, Mao Zedong said: "It is good to save 50% of the workload by using standard design." Reporting to building a 50,000 cotton spindles investment in 1956 can be built in a 100000 spindles of cotton mills; a new 80,000 spindles of a textile mill, producing 1 year to recover all the investment, Mao Zedong said: The same investment can double the equipment, and can shorten the time, one year can be recovered, you accumulate funds for the country, it is important to engage in as much as possible to engage in more. "Mao Zedong also said:" To engage in more light industry is to engage in more Heavy industry. As long as there is raw material, marketable, try to engage .Investing 1 yuan, come back 4 yuan, 3 yuan, why not engage in? "These praise, the textile industry is a great encouragement and encouragement. In 5 years or so basically completed five new cotton textile industry base, made many achievements, which in the history of the textile industry has a great significance. (A) The new cotton textile industrial base and the old base each other, so that the layout of China's cotton textile industry gradually become more reasonable. Overall, after the "January 5" construction, the major changes in the layout of the textile industry compared with those before the liberation have the following three aspects: First, the proportion of the coastal areas to the Mainland has been greatly improved and the initial changes have been made The abnormal distribution of old Chinese cotton spindles over the coastal areas. Compared to 1957 and 1949, the proportion of cotton spindles along the coast and inland changed from 4.4: 1 to 3.5: 1. Among them, Jiangsu, Shandong, Liaoning, Shanghai and Tianjin have two provinces and cities with relatively concentrated cotton textile industry, down from 84.4% to 58.3% in the whole country; the share of Shanghai in the whole country dropped from 47% to 31%. Second, closer to the raw material producing areas, greatly changed the situation of the old Chinese cotton textile industry away from the cotton producing areas. In 1949, 62% of the national cotton spindles were concentrated in Shanghai and Jiangsu. At that time, the major cotton producing areas in Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Hubei and Shaanxi accounted for 72% of the national total, while cotton spindles accounted for only 15% By 1957, the number of cotton spindles owned by the five major cotton-producing provinces increased to 2,475,000, accounting for 32.7% of the national total. Third, the cotton textile industry's production capacity is more evenly distributed in the major consumer markets, initially changing the disjunction between the distribution of productive capacity in the old cotton industry in China and the consumer market. (B) The construction of a new base has made the cotton textile industry in Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi and Beijing three provinces and one city have a greater development. According to the calculation of the installed and put into production of cotton spindles, the number of cotton spindles in operation in Hebei Province increased from 123,400 in 1952 to 568,600 in 1957, from 81,500 to 482,200 in Henan Province, from 165,500 to 60,260 in Shaanxi Province, Beijing is from scratch, in 1957 has grown to 234,000. With the "mother industry" of cotton spinning, it laid the foundation for the further development of downstream industries such as weaving, printing and dyeing, knitting, copying and apparel with cotton yarn as the main raw material; as well as employment and prosperity of local businesses, service industries and other places The economy has created favorable conditions. (III) Train a large number of talents for the country and the locality, create a survey and design team and create better conditions for the further development of the textile industry in the future. This survey and design team not only creatively completed the survey and design tasks of the new base in advance, but also expanded the design results to the survey and design of the projects of wool, silk, dyed and knitted, chemical fiber and so on. From undertaking the development of domestic textile engineering projects To aid foreign textile projects, become a certain influence at home and abroad engineering survey and design team. With its foresight and long-term vision, Qian Guang focuses on the favorable conditions for the centralized management system, concentrates its main force in approaching the raw material producing areas and the consumer market in the hinterland of China. It has built a strategic position in the development of the textile industry with more than 5 years of efficiency. A new cotton textile industry base, called China's industrial development in the history of the classic.
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